There are a lot of different screw heads and types that you may come across. Knowing the difference and names of each type can be confusing and overwhelming.
When we talk about screw heads we are talking about the part and shape of the screw where you use a tool such as a spanner or a screwdriver to tighten or loosen it. Each type of head is different and can require a different tool to tighten or loosen it. The angle and shape of each head can also be different.
We have created a guide so that you can easily identify each type by name and learn what each type is used for.
Different Types of Screw Head Style
Let’s first start by looking at the different types of heads that you can get on screws and fixings. The first thing we will look at is the terms countersunk and non-countersunk.
Countersunk Screw Head
A countersunk screw head is where the head is sunk into your workpiece or project. This means the head becomes flush to the surface and is not exposed.
Countersunk screw heads come in a variety of shapes. The most common types are flat and oval screw heads. We will look at these types below.
Non Countersunk Screw Head
A non-countersunk screw head is when the head of the screw is fully exposed outside your workpiece/material.
Non-countersunk screws have a much larger variety than countersunk screws. Flange, hex, pan, socket, and button screw heads are all non-countersunk designs.
Now let’s get into the individual design of a screw’s head.
The head of your screw is the place where it will stop outside the surface of your project/material. Each screw head serves a different purpose and is designed to be used for certain applications or materials. Choosing the correct screw head ensures that your work both looks aseptically pleasing and also makes it easier for the screw to go into your chosen material.
Flathead
A flat head screw sits completely flush with the surface they are driven into. Flathead screws have a countersunk screw head that may require the surface to be countersunk beforehand.
Flathead screws are used on applications where the end of the screw should be hidden such as tables and shelving units around the home.
Oval Head
Oval head screws are a lot like flat head screws, the only difference being the shape of the head on top. Oval screw heads require the surface to be countersunk beforehand and feature a dome-shaped head. Oval head screws are designed to slightly sit out of the surface they are driven into.
Oval head screws are used on applications where they are designed to be exposed. They can be found used on applications around the home such as on furniture and wall fixings.
Pan Head
Pan head screw heads get their name from resembling a pan design. Pan head screws are like oval head screws where the head of the screw is designed to sit out of the surface they are fixed into.
They are used in applications where the head of the screw has been designed to be on show. Pan head screws can both be found in applications around the home or in industrial settings.
Round Head
A round head screw head is a lot like the pan style. The main difference is that the round head features more of a curved head and will stick out slightly more than a pan head.
Round head screws are used on applications where they have been designed to be on show to people. Round head screws can be found in use around the home and in industrial settings also.
Hex Head
Hex headed screws feature a 6-sided head that is made to be tightened/loosened by using a spanner or socket set. They are designed to stick out of a surface so you can gain access to loosen or tighten the hex head with a spanner.
Hex head screws are generally used on applications that require higher levels of torque as a spanner or wrench is used to tighten/loosen them in place.
Hex Washer Head
Hex washer heads are pretty much the same as hex head screws. The only difference is that a washer is featured on a hex washer head.
They are used on applications where a washer is required to distribute the load. They can be found in applications that require stronger fixings and are tightened/loosened by using a spanner/wrench.
Slotted Hex Washer Head
A slotted hex washer head features a hex head, washer, and a slotted top. This means that they can be tightened and loosened by using a spanner, socket, or flat screwdriver.
Slotted hex washer heads are used frequently on some pieces of equipment and applications as multiple tools can be used to tighten/loosen.
Socket Cap Head
A socket cap head screw features an exposed head with an internal allen key drive. Socket cap head screws are generally used on applications that can be tightened using an alley key. They can achieve a solid hold and take a good level of torque.
Socket cap heads can be found used heavily for industrial applications and also around the home.
Socket Button Head
A socket button head screw features an exposed rounded head with an internal allen key drive. Like socket cap heads they are used on applications where an allen key is used to tighten/loosen.
When tightening and loosening socket button fixings you should always ensure that the allen key is seated correctly in place. Without ensuring this the head can easily be damaged making it extremely hard to extract when damaged.
The Different Types of Screw Head Drive
Now we will look at all of the different types of screw head drive types that you can get. The type of screw head will show you what tool you need to fasten or loosen the screw into your workpiece. Some screw head types require specialist tools and have been designed so equipment and machinery are not easily tampered with.
Some screw head drives are better than others at keeping their shapes and not becoming stripped or misformed. When we talk about screw heads becoming stripped we mean that the drive part has become damaged and you are no longer able to tighten or loosen the screw using a tool. When a screw head becomes stripped it becomes incredibly difficult to remove the screw from your workpiece and in some cases will require being drilled out or extracted.
Phillips Drive
A philips drive screw head requires a phillips screwdriver or bit to tighten or loosen. They feature a certain pattern that can be tightened/loosened by using the correct tool.
If you look at the image you can see that the pattern is not a simple cross pattern, they are designed to require a specific style of a screwdriver to drive. Phillips drive allows for a good connection between the driver and the screw which allows for the ability to tighten/loosen well.
Slotted or Flat Drive
A slotted or flat drive screw head requires a flat blade or slotted screwdriver or bit to tighten or loosen. They are designed with a slotted flat line through the head to allow a flat blade to tighten/loosen this type of head.
Slotted and flat drive heads are used on applications that do not require as much torque as tools can easily slip out of place.
Combination Drive
A combination drive screw head allows for both phillips and flat bladed screwdrivers or tools to tighten or loosen them.
They have been designed for environments and applications where the user may only have one type of screwdriver.
Allen Key Drive
An allen key drive screw head requires an allen key to tighten or loosen them. The size of the head depends on what size the screw is and can come in metric and imperial sizes.
Allen key drive heads are used widely in industry as they can be used in applications that require high levels of torque.
Hex Drive
A hex drive screw head requires a spanner or socket to loosen or tighten it.
Hex heads are used on heavier duty applications and also applications where it may be difficult to use a screwdriver.
Square Drive
A square drive screw head is a specialist anti-tamper screw head that requires a special tool to drive. They feature a square-shaped location where a specialist tool is required to perform tightening/loosening activities.
You can purchase a range of screwdriver bits that tighten/loosen square drives.
Torx Drive
A torx drive screw head is a type of head used on screws and fixings for anti-tamper applications. They feature a star-like shape which requires a specialist tool to tighten/loosen.
A torx screwdriver or bit set is a specialist tool and they have been designed to stop people from gaining easy access to equipment. If you try to use an incorrect tool for a torx drive they can become easily stripped and very difficult to remove.
Liam Cope
Hi, I’m Liam, the founder of Engineer Fix. Drawing from my extensive experience in electrical and mechanical engineering, I established this platform to provide students, engineers, and curious individuals with an authoritative online resource that simplifies complex engineering concepts.
Throughout my diverse engineering career, I have undertaken numerous mechanical and electrical projects, honing my skills and gaining valuable insights. In addition to this practical experience, I have completed six years of rigorous training, including an advanced apprenticeship and an HNC in electrical engineering. My background, coupled with my unwavering commitment to continuous learning, positions me as a reliable and knowledgeable source in the engineering field.
