What are molecular clusters?

Molecular clusters are aggregates of an integer number of molecules . The hom*o-molecular clusters, for example, (H 2 O) N , are composed of the same type of molecules, while hetero-molecular clusters, for example, (CH 3 OH) N (H 2 O) M , are composed of molecules of different types.

What is the economic cluster strategy?

Economic clusters are essentially local concentrations of similar or complementary industries. They aggregate production and exchange goods, services, talent, and tech, while serving as beacons for attracting further inbound investment, industry, and innovation, as well as potential personnel.

What does cluster mean in science?

Clusters are aggregates of atoms, molecules, or ions that adhere together under forces like those that bind the atoms, ions, or molecules of bulk matter ; because of the manner in which they are prepared, clusters remain as tiny particles at least during the course of an experiment.

What is the main purpose of cluster?

The goal of clustering is to find distinct groups or “clusters” within a data set . Using a machine language algorithm, the tool creates groups where items in a similar group will, in general, have similar characteristics to each other. A few of the popular clustering techniques include: K-Means Clustering, and.

What is a good example of clustering?

The most common example of partitioning clustering is the K-Means Clustering algorithm . In this type, the dataset is divided into a set of k groups, where K is used to define the number of pre-defined groups.

What is the basic concept of cluster?

The task of grouping data points based on their similarity with each other is called Clustering or Cluster Analysis. This method is defined under the branch of Unsupervised Learning, which aims at gaining insights from unlabelled data points, that is, unlike supervised learning we don't have a target variable.

What is a cluster in chemistry?

In chemistry, a cluster is an ensemble of bound atoms or molecules that is intermediate in size between a molecule and a bulk solid . Clusters exist of diverse stoichiometries and nuclearities. For example, carbon and boron atoms form fullerene and borane clusters, respectively.

What are clusters in DNA?

A gene family is a set of hom*ologous genes within one organism. A gene cluster is a group of two or more genes found within an organism's DNA that encode similar polypeptides, or proteins, which collectively share a generalized function and are often located within a few thousand base pairs of each other.

What is a cluster in biology?

Disease cluster, a grouping of cases of disease . Gene cluster, a group of genes (or proteins, or metabolites) whose expression or concentration is similar across a range of conditions. Cluster of microorganisms, as in a colony.

What is a cluster in DNA sequencing?

Clustering is a type of multivariate statistical analysis that is widely used in biology to place biological samples or genes into separate groupings based on their statistical behavior .

Modern cluster design based on experiment and theory

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DOI:10.1038/s41570-021-00267-4
Corpus ID: 232343366

@article{Tsukamoto2021ModernCD, title={Modern cluster design based on experiment and theory}, author={Takamasa Tsukamoto and Tetsuya Kambe and Takane Imaoka and Kimihisa Yamamoto}, journal={Nature Reviews Chemistry}, year={2021}, volume={5}, pages={338 - 347}, url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:232343366}}

T. Tsukamoto, Tetsuya Kambe, Kimihisa Yamamoto
Published in Nature Reviews Chemistry 24 March 2021
Chemistry

For decades, chemists have explored cluster compounds according to theoretical models that have proved too simplistic to accurately predict cluster properties, stabilities and functions. By incorporating molecular symmetry into existing cluster models, we can better study real polyatomic molecules and have new guidelines for their design. This symmetry-adapted cluster model allows us to discover substances that shatter the conventional notion of clusters. Theoretical predictors will point to…

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15 Citations

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We carried out a comprehensive study on the gas-phase reactions of Tan- (n = 5-27) with nitrogen using a customized reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled with a velocity map imaging…

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Chemistry

Chemical Society reviews

2021

A unifying perspective of bonding is provided that captures the structural diversity across this diverse family of multimetallic clusters and shows that there is a much more uniform relationship between the total valence electron count and the structure and bonding patterns of these clusters than previously anticipated.

Underlying mechanisms of gold nanoalloys stabilization.

Lucas B PenaL. R. da SilvaJ. L. D. Da SilvaB. R. Galvão

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The Journal of chemical physics

2023

Gold nanoclusters have attracted significant attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties, which can be tuned by alloying with elements such as Cu, Pd, Ag, and Pt to design materials…

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The pyramidal Au20 cluster is a highly inert and stable superatomic molecule, but it is not suitable as a potential catalyst for covalent bond activations, e.g., CO oxidation reaction. Herein, the…

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Yuta TsujiYuta YoshiokaM. HoriK. Yoshizawa

Chemistry, Materials Science

Topics in Catalysis

2021

A comprehensive, systematic, and efficient search for stable structures of metal nanoclusters with an adsorbed hydrogen atom is presented, and three metallic elements, Fe, Ni, and Cu, are selected.

Unique Functions and Applications of Rigid Dendrimers Featuring Radial Aromatic Chains.

T. TsukamotoT. ImaokaKimihisa Yamamoto

Materials Science, Chemistry

Accounts of chemical research

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The rigid DPA dendrimers are highlighted and their peculiar atomically precise and selective assembly behaviors that originate from the radial aromatic chains are highlighted to suggest that the unique electronic states induced in such radial aromatics could play an important role in the development of next-generation chemistry.

An unprecedented dumbbell-shaped pentadeca-nuclear W-Er heterometal cluster stabilizing nanoscale hexameric arsenotungstate aggregate and electrochemical sensing properties of its conductive hybrid film-modified electrode

Dan WangJun Jiang Guoyong Yang

Materials Science, Chemistry

Nano Research

2021

Cluster-based functional materials have made remarkable progress owing to their wonderful structures and distinctive physicochemical performances, one of on-going advancements of which is basically…

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Quanjie Zhong

Physics, Chemistry

The journal of physical chemistry letters

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Phosphorus clusters have broadband optical responses, adjustable geometries, and electronic structures, potentially balancing transparency and nonlinearity. In this study, the optical properties of…

Low-Temperature H2 Reduction of Copper Oxide Subnanoparticles.

Kazutaka SonobeM. TanabeT. ImaokaW. ChunKimihisa Yamamoto

Chemistry, Materials Science

Chemistry

2021

In this work, in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements of Cu 28 O x SNPs are taken during temperatureprogrammed reduction with H 2 achieved lowering of the temperature reported thus far for the Cu(II) → Cu(I) reduction reaction because of Cu-O bond elongation in the ultrasmall copper oxide particles.

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Periodicity of molecular clusters based on symmetry-adapted orbital model

T. TsukamotoNaoki HarutaTetsuya KambeA. KuzumeKimihisa Yamamoto

Physics

Nature Communications

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The authors propose the symmetry-adapted orbital model, which explicitly takes into account the level splittings of the electronic orbitals due to lower structural symmetries, which indicates the possibility of an abundance of stable clusters with various shapes that obey a certain periodicity.

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Zhixun LuoA. Castleman

Chemistry

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A summary of cluster investigations and proposed new concept named as special and general superatoms to provide an overview of this field with a primary focus on the joint undertakings which have given rise to the superatom concept.

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Topics discussed in this study include chemical adsorption, addition reaction, cleavage of chemical bonds, etching effect, spin effect, the harpoon mechanism, and the complementary active sites (CAS) mechanism, among others.

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This Account demonstrates how precisely controlling the structure and properties of nanoscale building blocks is key in developing the next generation of functional materials; several examples are discussed and detailed herein.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Evidence is provided of an additional class of superatoms, namely Al7−, that exhibit multiple valences, like some of the elements in the periodic table, and hence have the potential to form stable compounds when combined with other atoms.

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Using density-functional calculations, the design principles for atomic clusters with suitable size and composition are outlined and the role of geometry and electronic shell structure on cluster-cluster interaction is described.

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V. MedelJ. RevelesS. KhannaV. ChauhanP. SenA. Castleman

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The possibility of enhancing exchange splitting in superatom shells via a composite cluster of a central transition metal and surrounding nearly free electron metal atoms is demonstrated.

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